Robots possess fundamental characteristics such as perception, decision-making, and execution capabilities. These attributes enable them to assist or even replace humans in carrying out dangerous, heavy, or complex tasks, thereby improving work efficiency and quality, serving human life, and extending or expanding human activities and capabilities.

Robots encompass three essential elements: a "brain," "hands," and "feet." They are equipped with both non-contact sensors (to receive distant information similar to eyes and ears) and contact sensors, in addition to sensors for balance and proprioception. These allow robots to perform tasks with their hands, move with their feet, and execute unified commands through their brain. The non-contact and contact sensors function akin to human senses, enabling the robot to recognize its external environment, while balance and proprioception sensors are essential for perceiving its own state. Thus, sensors are pivotal components for controlling the position, orientation, and movement of robots.